Improvement in electro-magnetic telegraphs



J'. E. SMITH. ELEGTRO MAGNETIC TELEGRAPH.

' No. 35,571. ,Patented June 10, 1862.

; UNITED STATES PATENT OFFIC.

JOHN E. SMITH, on NEW 5203K, N. Y., assrenon T0 HIMsELr AND 0. r. a v a i l. 1v. CHESTER. i I

IMPROVEMENT IN- ELECTRO-MAGNETIC, TELEGRAPHS.

Specification formingpart of Letters. Patent No. 35,571, dated J one 10, 1862.

To all tohom it'may concern:

' Be it known that I, JOHN E. SMITH, of the city and county of New York, in the State of New York, have invented certain new and use ful Improvements in Electro-MagneticTele.

graphs; and I do hereby declare that the following is afull and correct description thereof,

reference being had to the drawings annexed, making apart of this specification, and tothe letters of reference thereon.

My said invention consists, chiefly, in an improved arrangement and combination of register or sounder. magnetswith receiving-magnets in a main telegraph-circuit, wherein the current of the main circuit used to actuate the re'gister'or sounder magnet is controlled and regulated by the receiving magnet, the vibrating armature-lever of which is arranged to actas an automatic switch for the purpose of relieving the register or sounder magnets,

from the action of the escape or abnormalcurrents when the main circuit is opened. These escape -currents are familiarly known to all telegraphers as resulting from the return of battery-power to its source by reason of defective insulation, intensity of battery-power,

i and resistance of long conductors, I call them abnormal, in contradi'stinction to the normal current which would result from the perfect and continuous passage of the batterypower from one end of. the line to the other,

which equalizes electromagnetic power, and makes telegraphing easy and reliable at all times. The registeror sounder magnets are relieved by establishing an additional metal connection from the wire of the receiving-magnet to the main line, through the armaturelever of the receiving-magnet, either directly I to the metal conductor, avoiding the sounder-.

In order more particularly to describe my said invention, I will refer to the annexed drawings, wherein Figure 1 represents the parts combined and arranged so as to divert the abnormal currents from the sounder-magnets by the action'of the armature-lever of ,the receiving-magnet; and Fig. 2 represents the parts arranged so as to divide and neutralize the abnormal currents, as before mentioned. 7 i

Letter a represents the main telegraph-conductor, embracing and including the helices of the receiving-magnet b and the register or sounder magnet 42; d representstransmittingkeys.

Letter e represents the vibrating armature of the receiving-magnet, provided withreactin g springand other usual appendages; letter vibrating armature of sounder-magnet, with a cymbal, g, for which may be substituted a penlever of a recording-instrument, or any device for indicating or recording telegraph-signals or setting in action machinery for indicating or recording telegraph-signals. The main eonductor d connects with the vibrating armaturelever e of the receiving-magnet at its fulcrum e a, isa short conductor from a point near the end: ofthe vibrating lever e to the main conductor a; Fig. 1, beyond and avoiding the sounder magnet. When the armature-lever falls back by the action of its spring upon the vopening of the main circuit in telegraphing,

theend of the lever establishes a connection .with the'short conduotora at the platina points 'open.

In Fig. 2 the sounder-magnet is represented as constructed with two equal helices, j and k, wound in opposite directions, the main conductor a running through the lower helix, j,

and the conductor a, instead of passing di- 'rectly from the armature-lever of the receiving-magnet to the main conductor, avoiding the sounder-magnet, as in Fig. 1 connects with and-includes the helix 7r, passing from it to the main conductor. The helices j and 70 being wound in opposite directions and of equal length, the current divides and passes equally through both in opposite directions, when the lever of the receiving-magnet falls back and brings the two platina points In in contact upon the opening of the main circuit.

The connecting-points h 1'- should be provided with suitable adjustments, such as are nsedin such instruments for determining the length of vibration of the lever, which, in this case may he confined to the shortest length consistent with the practical separation of the platina points h 2', because no deflagrating spark ever passes as in the operation of short circuits in which local batteries are included.

Instead of using the magnet which I have termed. the sounder or register magnet to actuate instruments for recording or indicating telegraphic signs or signals, or for settin g in action mechanism for printing, recordin g, or indicating telegraph signs or signals, it may he used to open and close short oftieecircuits in which a battery and register or sounder rnagnet is included in the same man neras such short circuits are now operated in connection with receiving-magnets not protected from the efiect of ahnounal currents when the main circuit is open; but, as sufticient power is obtained by the combination of sounder and receiving magnets in the main circuit hereinhefore described to work sounders or pen-registers with certainty and uniformity, i do not recommend the use .of the additional short local-battery circuit just mentioned, because it involves needless trouble and expense, but onl mention it to secure myself from at tempt to appropriate my invention by disconnecting the second magnet from the direct connection with the sounder orregister, and using it to indirectly operate such instruments through oflice-battery local circuits, which they would operate in an improved manner owing. to their being relieved entirely from abnormal currents when the main circuit is opened.

- I claim- The combination of electromagnets iii a main telegrap circuit, substantially as hereinloetore described, whereby the vibrating arm ature-lever of the first or receiving magnet is made to discharge or neutralize the escape or abnormal currents flowing through the second or working magnets when the main circuit is opened in the operation of telegraphing, substantially as set forth. 7

Dated New York, April 15, 1852.

Witnesses:

Jenn DAVIDSON, WM. A. WHITBEOK. 

